I learnt a long time ago to visit the manufacturer's website and look at what they offer in the way of support.
They will offer the basic support for their market. Support costs money.
In your case, if they didn't want repeat business by at least trying to SELL you a recovery disk, yes, they are not looking for repeat business. Maybe your request got lost or forgotten-about. If the possibility is there to "take advantage" of your circumstance after the warranty runs out, expect a dent in your credit card. Even while the system is still under warranty they would ask you to send your system back...wait...wait...wait, then you will have a new system (a new HDD and your data is gone, they don't rescue data).
At least you have tried to rescue your data, but as mentioned, you need backup. Imagine that your HDD is going to fail tomorrow. Me, I only try to recover data for other people, if my system fails I have my data backed-up. I reinstall Windows and (any) software I want and start again with a fresh system. I don't mind starting again, the system is as fast or faster than the old one (if it is slower, you're in trouble, see below).
If you install a retail version of Windows, will you have the correct drivers? Where could you get the correct drivers? Suggestions of pirated Windows wouldn't get you any further, you will still be running Windows basic installation drivers.
Matt